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- that communities vigorously prosecute violations of obscenity laws and other sex- related crimes, making use of asset forfeiture and injunctive procedures where possible. ISLIP, NEW YORK September 23, 1980 This study was performed through a review of studies and ordinances from Detroit, MI, Norwalk, CA, Dallas, TX, Prince George's County, MD, and New Orleans, LA, a survey of media coverage and public reaction arising out of the establishment of a sexually oriented bookstore in the city, and inspection of sexually oriented businesses. Islip's study recommended basing an ordinance on the dispersal-style 1976 Detroit ordinance. Its authors reviewed the existing case law that required space to be available for adult uses and forbade attempting to zone adult uses out completely. Islip planers observed that two sex businesses in the downtown area were responsible for creating a "dead zone" that people not interested in adult uses actively avoided—at a detriment to neighboring businesses. Also, short-term parking was used long term by patrons of the sex business. In some cases the authors observed that the sexually oriented businesses that were close to other businesses appeared to have had a negative impact on those nearby businesses. Also, they noted that a significant number of the owners and managers had ties to organized crime, with multiple arrests and convictions. Islip planners recommended that adult uses be restricted to industrial zones. They also recommended a 500' buffer between adult uses and residential and public facilities. Because Islip has a rural highway with sex-businesses located an average of 1.1 miles apart, for 5 miles, the planning department recommended that a buffer of a half mile be placed between any sex businesses on this specific highway to prevent the development of a "Combat Zone" on the road into the town. They also recommended establishing an amortization system by which nonconforming sexually oriented businesses would be phased out over a period of years. More broadly, they recommended that the entire ordinance be focused on reducing the negative effects of sex businesses. The proposed ordinance (included as an appendix to the study) was upheld in substantial part by New York's highest court in Town of Islip v. Caviglia, 73 N.Y.2d 544, 540 N.E.2d 215, 542 N.Y.S.2d 139 (1989). NEW YORK CITY, NEW YORK 1994 This extensive and well-assembled study was performed by New York City's Department of City Planning ("DCP"). The DCP reviewed studies and ordinances from other localities and studied the industry as it existed in New York City—among other things, meeting with members of the sexually oriented business industry. The DCP reviewed accounts of secondary effects from sources as diverse as the City Planning Commission, the Office of Midtown Enforcement, the Chelsea Business Survey, the Task Force on the Regulation of Sex-Related Businesses, 13 000026