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Thirty-two percent of the respondents said that such a bookstore within one block of the residential area would decrease home values by at least 20 percent. Overwhelmingly, respondents said an "adult" bookstore would negatively affect other businesses within one block (76 percent). The level of depreciation is greater for residents than businesses. The negative effects on property values drop sharply when the sexually oriented business is at least three blocks away. In the subjective portion, 86 percent of the respondents noted a negative impact of sexually oriented businesses on Oklahoma City. Frequent problems cited by the appraisers included the attraction of undesirable clients and businesses, safety threats to residents and other shoppers (especially children), deterrence of home sales and rentals, and immediate area deterioration (trash, debris, vandalism). Oklahoma City's findings supported results from other national studies and surveys. Sexually oriented businesses have a negative effect on property values, particularly residential properties. The concentration of sexually oriented businesses may mean large losses in property values. AMARILLO, TEXAS September 12, 1977 This Planning Department report cited several sources including national news magazines, "adult business" ordinances from other cities, an American Society of Planning Officials report and pertinent Supreme Court decisions. Lengthy explanation of the Miller test with legal definitions, discussion of Young v. American Mini Theatres, and a comparison of the Boston and Detroit zoning models are included. The city defined "adult businesses" as taverns, lounges, lounges with semi-nude entertainment, and bookstores or theaters with publications featuring nudity and explicit sexual activities. (At the time, Amarillo had three such theaters and four bookstores with space for such publications). The police department provided an analysis showing that areas of concentrated "adult only" businesses had two and one-half times the street crime as the city average. The Planning Department concluded that concentrations of these businesses have detrimental effects on residential and commercial activities caused by: (1) noise, lighting and traffic during late night hours; (2) increased opportunity for street crimes; and (3) the tendency of citizens to avoid such business areas. The study noted that lack of zoning regulations would lead to concentrations of sexually oriented businesses (causing increased crime) or more such establishments locating near residential areas or family and juvenile oriented activity sites (churches, parks, etc.). The report recommended: (1) adult businesses locate 1,000 feet from each other, (no distance was specified from residential zones or family/juvenile activities); (2) city development of an amortization schedule and permit/licensing mechanism; (3) city regulation of signs and similar forms of advertising; (4) vigorous enforcement of State Penal Code, especially relating to 10 000023