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having similar land-use and traffic patterns and containing a high concentration of sexually oriented businesses. The Malin Group also interviewed property owners, real estate brokers and agents who are actively leasing, listing, managing, buying or selling properties in the study and control areas. The Malin Group also collected and analyzed crime statistics within the study areas and the two control areas. The study revealed that the number of sex-crime arrests in the study area containing sexually oriented businesses was five times higher than in the control area with no sexually oriented businesses, and nearly three times higher than in the control area with two isolated sexually oriented businesses. The study determined that in areas with sexually oriented businesses, crime rates are higher, property values are lower, or the properties take longer to lease or sell. Heightened concentrations of these businesses correlate to heightened impact on their neighborhoods. Negative public attitudes toward areas of concentrated sex-related land uses create "dead zones" unattractive to shoppers, store owners, and investors, and greatly decrease property marketability and values in the vicinity of the sexually oriented businesses. Several interviewees indicated concern for the safety of children and other pedestrians in the area. The study indicated that the location of multiple sexually oriented businesses in one neighborhood can have a major impact on the neighborhood by contributing to crime, driving away family oriented businesses and impacting nearby residential neighborhoods. When concentrated, sexually oriented businesses typically compete with one another for customers through larger, more visible signs and graphic advertising. They tend to be magnets for certain types of businesses such as pawnshops, gun stores, liquor stores, check-cashing storefronts and late-night restaurants. Even residences in the vicinity of concentrated sexually oriented businesses tend to be relegated to rental use, as families move out of them but find them difficult to market due to diminished resale value. The study indicated that sex-related crimes occurred five times more frequently in the study areas than in the area without sexually oriented businesses, and nearly three times more frequent than in the area with widely separated sexually oriented businesses. The Milan Group reviewed records of police calls emanating from 10 different sexually oriented businesses over a four-year period from 1993 through 1996 and found that such businesses were a major source of police calls. The seven sexually oriented businesses in the study area collectively averaged more than one call to the police per day. Those performing the study also reviewed records of sex-related arrests from the four-year period ending in March, 1997. The number of arrests for sex crimes—including rape, prostitution and other sex offenses—was 396 in the study area including the concentration of seven sexually oriented businesses. By contrast, the control area without sexually oriented businesses had 77 sex crime arrests during the study period, and the control area with two widely spaced sexually oriented businesses had 133. The evidence demonstrated that there were increased arrests for sex crimes, other criminal acts, and disturbances that required increased police presence in the vicinity of sexually oriented businesses. In most cases, the other localities considered in the study had prohibited sexually oriented businesses from locating in all but a few zoning districts. They set minimum distances between sexually oriented businesses and residential, religious, educational and recreational uses. These distances were generally 500 or 1,000 feet. Most localities established amortization periods after the enactment of their ordinances. In most cases, local authorities 3 000016